ニューラルネットワーク（NN）
ニューラルネットワークは、歴史上最も重要な発見の1つです。
ニューラルネットワークは、アルゴリズムでは解決できない問題を解決できます。
- 医療診断
- 顔検出
- 音声認識
ニューラルネットワークはディープラーニングの本質です。
ディープラーニング革命
ディープラーニング革命がここにあります！
ディープラーニング革命は2010年頃に始まりました。それ以来、ディープラーニングは多くの「解決できない」問題を解決してきました。
ディープラーニング革命は、単一の発見によって開始されたのではありません。それは多かれ少なかれ、いくつかの必要な要素が準備できたときに起こりました。
- コンピューターは十分に速かった
- コンピュータのストレージは十分に大きかった
- より良いトレーニング方法が発明されました
- より良いチューニング方法が発明されました
ニューロン
科学者たちは、私たちの脳には約1,000億個のニューロンがあることに同意しています。
これらのニューロンの間には数千億の接続があります。
画像クレジット：バーゼル大学、Biozentrum。
Neurons (aka Nerve Cells) are the fundamental units of our brain and nervous system.
The neurons are responsible for receiving input from the external world, for sending output (commands to our muscles), and for transforming the electrical signals in between.
Neural Networks
Artificial Neural Networks are normally called Neural Networks (NN).
Neural networks are in fact multi-layer Perceptrons.
The perceptron defines the first step into multi-layered neural networks.
The Neural Network Model
Input data (Yellow) are processed against a hidden layer (Blue) and modified against another hidden layer (Green) to produce the final output (Red).
Neural Networks with JavaScript
Artificial Intelligence can be math-heavy. The nature of neural networks is highly technical, and the jargon that goes along with it tends to scare people away.
This is were JavaScript can come to help. We need easy to understand software APIs to simplifying the process of creating and training neural networks.
JavaScript Libraries
Brain.js
Brain.js is a JavaScript library that makes it easy to understand Neural Networks because it hides the complexity of the mathematics.
Building a neural network with Brain.js.
Introduction to ml5.js
ml5.js is trying to make machine learning more accessible to a wider audience.
The ml5 team is working to wrap machine learning functionality in friendlier ways.
The example below uses only three lines of code to classify an image:
<img id="image" src="pic1.jpg" width="100%">
<script>
const classifier = ml5.imageClassifier('MobileNet');
classifier.classify(document.getElementById("image"), gotResult);
function gotResult(error, results) { ... }
</script>
Try substitute "pic1.jpg" with "pic2.jpg" and "pic3.jpg".
TensorFlow Playground
TensorFlow Playground is a web application written in d3.js.
With TensorFlow Playground you can learn about Neural Networks (NN) without math.
In your own Web Browser you can create a Neural Network and see the result.
TensorFlow.js was previously called Tf.js and Deeplearn.js.
Tom Mitchell
Tom Michael Mitchell (born 1951) is an American computer scientist and University Professor at the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU).
He is a former Chair of the Machine Learning Department at CMU.
E: Experience (the number of times).
T: The Task (driving a car).
P: The Performance (good or bad).
Stories
Giraffe
In 2015, Matthew Lai, a student at Imperial College in London created a neural network called Giraffe.
Giraffe could be trained in 72 hours to play chess at the same level as an international master.
Computers playing chess are not new, but the way this program was created was new.
Smart chess playing programs take years to build, while Giraffe was built in 72 hours with a neural network.